Skip to content
The Balance of Health

Animals

What does food production mean for animals?

Tens of billions of land animals, and far more fish, are raised or caught for food each year. Most people never see how they live.

A free-range hen with her chicks scratching in the grass.

We separate three different kinds of evidence: how many animals are involved and how they are kept, what science says about whether they can suffer, and the ethical arguments people make about that.

You will not find graphic imagery here. Numbers and clear description usually communicate scale more honestly.

80billion
Land animals slaughtered for meat each yearGlobal, 2022. Source: Nations (2024). SampleExcludes fish and other aquatic animals, which are not counted individually in official statistics.

Start with this question

Strong evidence

How many animals are farmed and killed for food each year?

Around 80 billion land animals are slaughtered every year, about ten for every person on Earth. Most are chickens. Fish are not counted individually but likely number far more.

Read the evidence

Common objections

The strongest version of each, and what the evidence makes of it.

Key claims and their ratings

All claims and sources

What this section will cover

  • Scale
  • Farming systems
  • Sentience & cognition
  • Fish & aquaculture
  • Ethics

Topics without a page yet are listed so you can see where this is going.

Where next