# Defining and assessing animal pain

The Balance of Health
Canonical: https://thebalanceofhealth.com/sources/sneddon-2014-defining-and-assessing-animal-pain
Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

## status

reviewed

## id

src-sneddon-2014-pain

## slug

sneddon-2014-defining-and-assessing-animal-pain

## title

Defining and assessing animal pain

## authors

- Lynne Sneddon
- Robert Elwood
- Shelley Adamo
- Matthew Leach

## publication

Animal Behaviour

## year

2014

## doi

10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.09.007

## url

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.09.007

## sourceType

peer-reviewed-study

## studyType

review

## topicIds

- sentience

## pillarIds

- animals

## geography

Not applicable

## keyFindings

- Proposes criteria for assessing pain across species; mammals, birds and fish meet most criteria for pain experience.

## supportsClaimIds

- claim-vertebrate-sentience-consensus

## challengesClaimIds



## limitations

- Pain in animals is inferred from behaviour and physiology; subjective experience cannot be measured directly.

## quality

moderate

## Original sources