{
  "sources": [],
  "title": "Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies",
  "url": "https://thebalanceofhealth.com/sources/dinu-2017-vegetarian-vegan-diets-and-multiple-health-outcomes",
  "publisher": "The Balance of Health",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "record": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "id": "src-dinu-2017-vegetarian-vegan-meta",
    "slug": "dinu-2017-vegetarian-vegan-diets-and-multiple-health-outcomes",
    "title": "Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies",
    "authors": [
      "Monica Dinu",
      "Rosanna Abbate",
      "Gian Franco Gensini",
      "Alessandro Casini",
      "Francesco Sofi"
    ],
    "publication": "Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition",
    "year": 2017,
    "doi": "10.1080/10408398.2016.1138447",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1138447",
    "sourceType": "meta-analysis",
    "studyType": "meta-analysis",
    "topicIds": [
      "cardiovascular",
      "cancer"
    ],
    "pillarIds": [
      "health"
    ],
    "geography": "Multiple countries",
    "sampleSize": "86 cross-sectional and 10 cohort studies",
    "keyFindings": [
      "Vegetarian diets were associated with lower BMI, cholesterol and blood glucose, and with a lower risk of ischaemic heart disease (around 25% lower) and cancer incidence (around 8% lower). No significant reduction in all-cause mortality was found."
    ],
    "supportsClaimIds": [
      "claim-plant-based-heart-risk"
    ],
    "challengesClaimIds": [
      "claim-vegan-diet-healthier-overall"
    ],
    "limitations": [
      "Observational studies cannot prove cause; vegetarians in these cohorts differ from others in smoking, exercise and income.",
      "Few studies isolated vegan (as opposed to vegetarian) diets."
    ],
    "quality": "moderate",
    "qualityRationale": "Large meta-analysis, but of observational studies only."
  }
}