{
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers",
      "url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216",
      "doi": "10.1126/science.aaq0216",
      "canonical": "https://thebalanceofhealth.com/sources/poore-nemecek-2018-reducing-food-environmental-impacts",
      "status": "reviewed"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Per gram of protein, beef from dedicated beef herds produces roughly 25 times the greenhouse gas emissions of tofu and 60 times those of pulses; the ratio to peas is over 100.",
  "url": "https://thebalanceofhealth.com/claims/beef-produces-far-more-emissions-than-plant-proteins",
  "publisher": "The Balance of Health",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "record": {
    "status": "reviewed",
    "id": "claim-beef-emissions-vs-plants",
    "slug": "beef-produces-far-more-emissions-than-plant-proteins",
    "statement": "Per gram of protein, beef from dedicated beef herds produces roughly 25 times the greenhouse gas emissions of tofu and 60 times those of pulses; the ratio to peas is over 100.",
    "shortAnswer": "Beef is in a different league from plant proteins on emissions. Chicken and eggs sit in between.",
    "pillarIds": [
      "environment"
    ],
    "topicIds": [
      "climate"
    ],
    "keyStatisticId": "stat-ghg-beef-per-100g-protein",
    "explanation": [
      "Comparing foods per 100 grams of protein is fairer than per kilogram, because it accounts for what the food actually delivers nutritionally.",
      "On that basis beef sits far above every plant protein, with lamb, cheese and pork following, and chicken and eggs lower still."
    ],
    "rating": {
      "strength": "strong",
      "rationale": "The ranking is consistent across hundreds of life-cycle studies and the gaps are very large."
    },
    "sourceIds": [
      "src-poore-nemecek-2018"
    ],
    "limitations": [
      "Beef from dairy herds has a lower footprint than beef from dedicated beef herds because emissions are shared with milk."
    ],
    "methodology": [
      "Global averages from a meta-analysis of around 570 life-cycle studies, re-expressed per 100 g protein."
    ]
  }
}